Property values may increase to the point of unaffordability for local residents, and the seasonality of the tourism industry may create a feast-or-famine economy. However, there are also negative impacts. For example, successful resorts may create the need for a commercial laundry facility or a pet boarding business. Tourism often injects money into the community that leads to secondary economic development as well. Tourism can also offer diverse employment opportunities, can be developed with local products, and is often compatible with other economic activities within a destination. Positive impacts from this economic boom include robust foreign exchange, increases in income, and GDP growth. Figure 16.2: The Impact of Global Tourism 4 Figure 16.2 provides additional information about the impact of tourism worldwide. As well, the UNWTO’s Tourism 20 3 0 Vision report predicts that international arrivals will reach nearly 1.8 billion by 2030. Only the Middle East posted negative growth at the time of the report. According to the UNWTO, in 2016 “The total export value from international tourism amounted to US$ 1.5 trillion.” 3 Regions with the highest growth in terms of tourism dollars earned (2016 vs 2015) are Africa, Asia and the Pacific, the Americas Europe. The tourism industry has a huge economic impact that continues to expand to new markets and destinations. It is also important to recognize that different groups and constituencies are impacted differently. Some impacts gain more attention than others. These impacts are analyzed using data gathered by businesses, governments, and industry organizations.
Tourism impacts can be grouped into three main categories: economic, social, and environmental. If it all seems a little overwhelming, it might be helpful to break tourism down into broad industry groups, each of which will be covered in this chapter: All these come together to create the processes, activities, and outcomes of tourism. Each of these components are necessary parts of a successful tourism destination and operate within private and public sectors, the built environment, and the natural environment. Of course it includes the tourist, but also the vast array of businesses providing goods and services for the tourist, the government and political structure of a destination, and the local residents of the destination community itself. It is important to understand the various groups and constituencies involved in this movement.
In other words, tourism is the movement of people for a number of purposes (whether business or pleasure).
These people are called visitors (which may be either tourists or excursionists residents or non-residents) and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which imply tourism expenditure. It defines tourism as follows:Ī social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes. The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) embarked on a project from 2005 to 2007 to create a common glossary of terms for tourism. There are a number of ways tourism can be defined. Before we dig any deeper, let’s explore what the term “tourism” means. In 2016 there were over 1.2 billion international tourists: that’s a substantial economic impact and movement of goods and services! 1 Tourism is also considered an export and is unique in that the consumers come to the product where it is consumed on-site. The tourism industry is often cited as the largest industry in the world, contributing 10% of the world’s GDP. Understand the different types of events, meetings and conventions.Examine the different categories of food service operations.Identify the types of hotel categories and how they are determined.Define hospitality and the pineapple tradition.Understand the economic, social and environmental benefits and costs of tourism.Understand what tourism is: definition, components, and importance.
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